Tag Archive for: Associative Containers

Posts

C++23: Four new Associative Containers

September 4, 2023

The four associative containers std::flat_map, std::flat_multimap, std::flat_set, and std::flat_multiset…

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C++ Core Guidelines: Avoid Bounds Errors

June 5, 2019

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When you access an element outside a container of the STL, the result is not so promising. Your effect…

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More special Friends with std::map and std::unordered_map

May 29, 2019

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Modern C++ has eight associative containers, but your special friends should be std::map and std::unordered_map.…

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C++ Core Guidelines: More about Control Structures

March 9, 2018

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My last German post C++ Core Guidelines: To Switch or not to Switch, that is the Question got…

C++17: Improved Associative Containers and Uniform Container Access

May 7, 2017

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C++11 has eight associative containers. With C++17, you can more comfortably insert new elements into…

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Functional in C++11 and C++14: Dispatch Table and Generic Lambdas

January 19, 2017

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My favorite example, the dispatch table, shows how nicely the features in modern C++ work together. A…

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Buckets, Capacity, and Load Factor

November 29, 2016

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The hash function maps a potentially infinite number of keys on a finite number of buckets. What is the…

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Hash Functions

November 27, 2016

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The hash function is responsible for the unordered associative containers' constant access time (best…

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Associative Containers – A simple Performance Comparison

November 25, 2016

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Before I take a deeper look insight the interface of the hash tables - officially called unordered associative…

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Hash Tables

November 24, 2016

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We missed the hash table in C++ for a long time. They promise to have constant access time. C++11 has…

Latest news

A Lock-Free Stack: Atomic Smart PointerFebruary 17, 2025 - 11:47 am
The easiest way to solve this memory leak issue from the last post is to use a std::shared_ptr. Atomic Smart Pointer There are two ways to apply atomic operations on a std::shared_ptr: In C++11, you can use the free atomic functions on std::shared_ptr. With C++20, you can use atomic smart pointers. C++11 Using atomic operations […]
A Lock-Free Stack: A Complete ImplementationFebruary 10, 2025 - 3:01 pm
My last lock-free stack implementation was incomplete. It only supported push operations. Let’s change this. The following paragraph about sequential consistency is optional. You can easily ignore it. Sequential Consistency In my examples, I use the default memory ordering: sequential consistency. The reason is simple. Sequential consistency provides the strongest guarantees of all memory ordering […]
My Next Mentoring Program: “Generic Programming (Templates) with C++” startsFebruary 4, 2025 - 4:51 pm
My next mentoring program, “Embedded Programming with Modern C++,” starts on January 31st. Registration is open. Here are more details. Embedded Programming with Modern C++ The mentoring program consists of 16 stations. You have to invest at least 3 hours per week for each one. This means the program takes four months, and you can […]
A Lock-Free Stack: A Simplified ImplementationFebruary 3, 2025 - 10:37 am
Today, I continue my mini story about lock-free data structures. General Considerations From the outside, the caller’s responsibility (application) is to protect the data. From inside, the data structure is responsible for protecting itself. A data structure that protects itself so a data race cannot appear is called thread-safe. First, what general considerations must you […]
Deferred Reclamation in C++26: Read-Copy Update and Hazard PointersJanuary 27, 2025 - 12:23 pm
Before I dive into lock-free programming, there’s a little bit of theory necessary. A common problem in concurrency is the so-called ABA problem. That means you read a variable twice, which returns the same value each time, A. Therefore, you conclude that nothing changed in between. But you forgot the B. Let me first use […]
std::format ExtensionJanuary 20, 2025 - 11:55 am
Displaying the address of an arbitrary pointer in C++ 20 fails but succeeds with C++26. C++20 Only void, const void, and std::nullptr_t pointer types are valid. If you want to display the address of an arbitrary pointer, you must cast it to (const) void*. // formatPointer20.cpp #include <format> #include <iostream> #include <string> int main() { […]